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Lithium Battery Lab Machine
Pouch cell making line
August 2,2024.
A manufacturing line for lithium-ion pouch cells involves several detailed steps and equipment. Here is a more detailed production process:
1. Electrode Preparation
# 1.1 Mixing
Active materials, binders, conductive agents, and solvents are mixed to form a slurry. Common equipment includes high-speed mixers and vacuum mixers.
- **Active materials**: Cathode materials (e.g., nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate), anode materials (e.g., graphite, silicon-carbon).
- **Binders**: Such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- **Conductive agents**: Such as carbon black, conductive carbon nanotubes.
- **Solvents**: Such as NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone).
# 1.2 Coating
The slurry is uniformly coated onto current collectors (aluminum foil for cathodes, copper foil for anodes). Coating machines are usually double-sided or single-sided coaters.
# 1.3 Drying
The coated electrodes are dried in an oven to remove solvents.
# 1.4 Calendering
The dried electrodes are passed through a calender to achieve the desired thickness and density. Calendering aims to increase the energy density and conductivity of the electrodes.
# 1.5 Slitting
The calendered electrodes are slit into strips of the required width using a slitting machine.
2. Cell Assembly
# 2.1 Stacking or Winding
According to the design, electrodes and separators are stacked or wound into a cell structure.
- **Stacking**: Positive and negative electrodes and separators are stacked sequentially.
- **Winding**: Positive and negative electrodes and separators are wound into cylindrical or other shapes.
# 2.2 Tab Welding
The electrode tabs are welded to the electrode sheets, typically using ultrasonic welding machines.
# 2.3 Pouch Formation
The cell assembly is inserted into pre-made aluminum laminated film to form the pouch structure.
3. Electrolyte Filling and Sealing
# 3.1 Drying
The pouch cells are placed in a vacuum drying oven to remove moisture.
# 3.2 Electrolyte Filling
Electrolyte is injected into the cells in a dry room. The electrolyte mainly consists of organic solvents (e.g., ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate) and lithium salts (e.g., lithium hexafluorophosphate).
# 3.3 Pre-Sealing
The pouch cells are partially sealed, leaving a small opening for electrolyte wetting.
# 3.4 Vacuum Sealing
The pouch cells are vacuum-sealed to ensure there is no air inside.
4. Formation and Aging
# 4.1 Formation
The cells undergo initial charge and discharge cycles to form the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. This process typically takes place in formation cabinets.
# 4.2 Aging
The cells are stored under controlled temperature and humidity conditions for a period to stabilize the SEI layer.
5. Final Sealing and Inspection
# 5.1 Final Sealing
The cells undergo final sealing to ensure complete sealing.
# 5.2 Inspection and Testing
The cells are subjected to a series of electrical performance tests, including capacity, internal resistance, leakage, and insulation. Testing equipment includes internal resistance testers, voltage testers, capacity testers, etc.
# 5.3 Quality Control
Cells undergo visual inspection and leak testing to ensure there are no defects and leaks.
Detailed Equipment Overview
- **High-Speed Mixer**: Used for mixing slurry to ensure uniformity.
- **Coating Machine**: Precision coating to control coating thickness and uniformity.
- **Drying Oven**: Removes solvents to ensure electrode drying.
- **Calendering Machine**: Adjusts electrode thickness and density, improving electrical performance.
- **Slitting Machine**: Cuts electrodes to the required width.
- **Stacking or Winding Machine**: Automated cell assembly.
- **Ultrasonic Welding Machine**: Welds tabs to electrodes to ensure solid connections.
- **Vacuum Drying Oven**: Removes moisture, preventing electrolyte decomposition.
- **Electrolyte Filling Machine**: Precisely injects electrolyte, controlling the filling volume.
- **Vacuum Sealing Machine**: Seals cells in a vacuum environment to prevent air entry.
- **Formation Cabinets**: Performs initial charge-discharge cycles to form the SEI layer.
- **Aging Room**: Stores cells under controlled conditions to stabilize the SEI layer.
- **Testing Equipment**: Comprehensive testing of cell performance to ensure quality.
The entire pouch cell manufacturing process needs to be carried out in a cleanroom environment with strict control of humidity and temperature to ensure the quality and performance of the cells. Additionally, extensive use of automated equipment can improve production efficiency and consistency.
1. Electrode Preparation
# 1.1 Mixing
Active materials, binders, conductive agents, and solvents are mixed to form a slurry. Common equipment includes high-speed mixers and vacuum mixers.
- **Active materials**: Cathode materials (e.g., nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate), anode materials (e.g., graphite, silicon-carbon).
- **Binders**: Such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- **Conductive agents**: Such as carbon black, conductive carbon nanotubes.
- **Solvents**: Such as NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone).
# 1.2 Coating
The slurry is uniformly coated onto current collectors (aluminum foil for cathodes, copper foil for anodes). Coating machines are usually double-sided or single-sided coaters.
# 1.3 Drying
The coated electrodes are dried in an oven to remove solvents.
# 1.4 Calendering
The dried electrodes are passed through a calender to achieve the desired thickness and density. Calendering aims to increase the energy density and conductivity of the electrodes.
# 1.5 Slitting
The calendered electrodes are slit into strips of the required width using a slitting machine.
2. Cell Assembly
# 2.1 Stacking or Winding
According to the design, electrodes and separators are stacked or wound into a cell structure.
- **Stacking**: Positive and negative electrodes and separators are stacked sequentially.
- **Winding**: Positive and negative electrodes and separators are wound into cylindrical or other shapes.
# 2.2 Tab Welding
The electrode tabs are welded to the electrode sheets, typically using ultrasonic welding machines.
# 2.3 Pouch Formation
The cell assembly is inserted into pre-made aluminum laminated film to form the pouch structure.
3. Electrolyte Filling and Sealing
# 3.1 Drying
The pouch cells are placed in a vacuum drying oven to remove moisture.
# 3.2 Electrolyte Filling
Electrolyte is injected into the cells in a dry room. The electrolyte mainly consists of organic solvents (e.g., ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate) and lithium salts (e.g., lithium hexafluorophosphate).
# 3.3 Pre-Sealing
The pouch cells are partially sealed, leaving a small opening for electrolyte wetting.
# 3.4 Vacuum Sealing
The pouch cells are vacuum-sealed to ensure there is no air inside.
4. Formation and Aging
# 4.1 Formation
The cells undergo initial charge and discharge cycles to form the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. This process typically takes place in formation cabinets.
# 4.2 Aging
The cells are stored under controlled temperature and humidity conditions for a period to stabilize the SEI layer.
5. Final Sealing and Inspection
# 5.1 Final Sealing
The cells undergo final sealing to ensure complete sealing.
# 5.2 Inspection and Testing
The cells are subjected to a series of electrical performance tests, including capacity, internal resistance, leakage, and insulation. Testing equipment includes internal resistance testers, voltage testers, capacity testers, etc.
# 5.3 Quality Control
Cells undergo visual inspection and leak testing to ensure there are no defects and leaks.
Detailed Equipment Overview
- **High-Speed Mixer**: Used for mixing slurry to ensure uniformity.
- **Coating Machine**: Precision coating to control coating thickness and uniformity.
- **Drying Oven**: Removes solvents to ensure electrode drying.
- **Calendering Machine**: Adjusts electrode thickness and density, improving electrical performance.
- **Slitting Machine**: Cuts electrodes to the required width.
- **Stacking or Winding Machine**: Automated cell assembly.
- **Ultrasonic Welding Machine**: Welds tabs to electrodes to ensure solid connections.
- **Vacuum Drying Oven**: Removes moisture, preventing electrolyte decomposition.
- **Electrolyte Filling Machine**: Precisely injects electrolyte, controlling the filling volume.
- **Vacuum Sealing Machine**: Seals cells in a vacuum environment to prevent air entry.
- **Formation Cabinets**: Performs initial charge-discharge cycles to form the SEI layer.
- **Aging Room**: Stores cells under controlled conditions to stabilize the SEI layer.
- **Testing Equipment**: Comprehensive testing of cell performance to ensure quality.
The entire pouch cell manufacturing process needs to be carried out in a cleanroom environment with strict control of humidity and temperature to ensure the quality and performance of the cells. Additionally, extensive use of automated equipment can improve production efficiency and consistency.
Cindy@tmaxcn.com
David@tmaxcn.com
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